KAKEN - How to Search Researchers: Format for Search Condition

Search Units

In KAKEN system, a sequence of the same character type is recognised as a ‘word’. Some character types are searched on a word-by-word basis, and some are on a character-by-character basis.

The character types that are searched on a word-by-word basis are:

English alphabet and numerical symbols	Cases and widths are ignored
Other symbols	Widths are ignored with some exceptions

The character types that are searched on a character-by-character basis are:

Hiragana, Katakana, Kanji, Hangeul

Conjunctive Search

A string of words separated with a space are treated as a ‘conjunctive search’. Records in different word orders are recognised as a match.

Examples

Queries	Records	Match
Computer Science	computer science	○
	science computer	○
	science of computer	○
	computer-science	○
	computer sciences	×	As it verifies a match at a word level (i.e. ‘science’ and ‘sciences’ do not match).

In order to specify a conjunctive search, insert ‘AND’ in capital letters between words.

Inserting ‘+’ in front of a word won’t be recognised as a conjunctive search.

Examples

Queries	Records	Match
+computer	+computer	○
	#computer	×	The symbols do not match (i.e. ‘+’ and ‘#’).
	computer	×	The symbol (i.e. ‘+’) is missing.

Phrase Search

By enclosing words in double quotation marks (“ ”), you can search for a phrase in the same word order.

Examples

Queries	Records	Match
"Computer Science"	computer science	○
	science computer	×	The word orders are different.
	science of computer	×	It includes a word (i.e. ‘of’) between the words.
	computer-science	×	It includes a symbol (i.e. ‘-‘) between the words.

Prefix Match

By adding an asterisk (*) at the end of a word, you can search for strings with the matching prefix but with different endings.

Examples

Queries	Records	Match
mak*	mak	○
	make	○
	making	○
	made	×
	remake	×	The prefix is different from the query.

Suffix Match

Suffix match search is not available.

Middle Match

Middle match search is not available.

Exact Match for Researcher Names

If you wish to find a string matching ‘山田一’ but excluding ‘山田一郎’, enclose the researcher’s name ‘山田一’ in the researcher search field.

Examples

Queries	Records	Match
山田一	山田一	○
	山田一郎	×

Disjunctive Search

You can operate a ‘disjunctive search’ by inserting ‘OR’ in capital letters between words.

Examples

Queries	Records	Match
Computer OR Science	computer science	○
	science	○
	computer	○

When ‘AND’ and ‘OR’ are used in juxtaposition, written on the left logical operator will be prioritised.

Examples

Queries	Records	Match
red AND blue OR green	red blue	○	It recognises it as (red AND blue) OR green.
	blue	×

Negation

If you wish to search for records that do not include a certain word, insert ‘NOT’ in capital letters followed by a space in front of the word.

Examples

Queries	Records	Match
gnu NOT unix	gnu	○
	gnu unix	×
	linux	×	It does not include ‘gnu’.

Operation Using Parentheses

Operation using parentheses is not available.
Where parentheses are used, they are not treated as operators but characters. The logical operator written on the left will be prioritised.